CPA Financial Management Financial statements analysis and forecasting Questions & Answers (PDF)

August 2025

1 Questions

Question 3c

The following financial statement information relates to Kame Ltd. as at 30 June:

	2023	2024	2025
	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Inventory	195,000	360,000	195,000
Trade receivables	367,500	468,000	600,000
Cash	150,000	81,000	34,500
Current assets	\(\overline{712,500}\)	\(\overline{909,000}\)	\(\overline{972,000}\)
Current liabilities	300,000	450,000	675,000
	\(\overline{\underline{412,500}}\)	\(\overline{\underline{459,000}}\)	\(\overline{\underline{297,000}}\)

Additional information:		Sh.	Sh.
1		2024	2025
	Credit sales	2,250,000	2,295,000
	Cost of goods sold	1,680,000	1,800,000
2.	Assume 365 days in a year.

Required:

Assess Kame Limited’s liquidity position for the years ended 30 June 2024 and 30 June 2025:

(i) Inventory turnover time.

(ii) Average collection time.

(iii) Liquidity ratios (current ratio and Quick ratios).

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April 2025

1 Questions

Question 5c

Globex Ltd. had the following statement of financial position and income statement over the last three years as follows:

	2022 Sh.“000”	2023 Sh.“000”	2024 Sh.“000”
Cash	1,683	1,161	606
Accounts receivable	5,889	8,610	12,153
Inventories	6,093	7,839	9,861
Current assets	13,665	17,610	22,620
Net fixed assets	7,743	13,290	13,092
Total assets	21,408	30,900	35,712
Accounts Payable	5,586	8,832	10,839
Accruals	903	1,548	1,761
Bank loan	750	2,700	3,150
Current liabilities	7,239	13,080	15,750
Long-term debt	1,500	3,000	2,850
Shareholder’s equity	12,669	14,820	17,112
Total liabilities and shareholders equity	21,408	30,900	35,712
Sales	35,589	44,856	49,047
Cost of goods sold	(25,611)	(33,372)	(36,048)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(6,828)	(7,413)	(8,379)
Interest	(219)	(564)	(600)
Profit before taxes	2,931	3,507	4,020
Taxes	(1,170)	(1,356)	(1,728)
Profit after taxes	(1,761)	(2,151)	(2,292)

Required:

Using common-size analysis, evaluate trends in Globex Ltd. financial condition and performance.

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December 2024

1 Questions

Question 3b

The following information has been extracted from the published financial statements of Simlon Ltd., a company listed at the securities exchange:

	Sh.“000”
Net profit after tax	2,000
Dividend payable for the period	(500)
Transfer to reserves	1,500
Accumulated reserves brought forward	700
Accumulated reserves carried forward	2,200
Ordinary share capital (Sh.20 par value)	16,000

The current market price per share (MPS) is Sh.15.

Required:

Calculate the following financial ratios and indicate the importance of each ratio to Janet Okari, a shareholder in the company:

(i) Earnings per share (EPS).

(ii) Earnings yield.

(iii) Dividend cover.

(iv) Market value to book value ratio.

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April 2024

2 Questions

Question 5c

(C)You are presented with the following information in relation to Furaha Ltd. for the year ending 31 December 2024:

	Sh.
Net sales	3,000,000
Current liabilities	1,500,000
Debt-assets ratio	0.6
Debtors turnover based on net sales	2
Net profit margin	5%
Gross profit margin	25%
Inventory turnover ratio	1.25
Return on total assets	2%
Fixed asset turnover	0.8
Corporation tax rates	50%

Required:

Compute the following:

(i) Cost of sales.

(ii) Receivables.

(iii) Net profit.

(iv) Closing inventory.

(v) Total assets.

(vi) Non-current assets.

(vii) Long-term debt.

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Question 5d

Prepare a forecasted statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position for the year ending 31 December 2024 based on your results in (c) (i) to (c) (vii) above.

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December 2023

1 Questions

Question 4a

In relation to measuring business performance in a company:

(i) Examine FOUR applications of financial ratio analysis by the management of the company.

(ii) Describe FOUR weaknesses associated with financial ratio analysis.

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August 2023

1 Questions

Question 3b

Utamu Enterprises operates a fruit juice processing business. The financial manager has realised a consistent relationship among the following items as a percentage of sales:

1	Current assets	65%
2	Accounts payable	10%
3	Non-current assets	25%
4	Other current liabilities	12%

The statement of financial position for the year ended 31 December 2022 was as follows:

Utamu Enterprises Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022
	Sh.	Sh.
Non-current assets		2,500,000
Current assets		6,500,000
Total assets		9,000,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,000,000
Notes payable	1,200,000
Other current liabilities	1,200,000	3,400,000
Equity and non-current obligations:
Ordinary share capital	2,000,000
Retained earnings	2,600,000
Long term loan	1,000,000	5,600,000
Total equity and non-current obligations		9,000,000

Additional information:

1. The profit after tax margin is 5% and the company sales for the year ended 31 December 2022 were Sh.10 million.

2. Sales are expected to grow by 10% every year for the next 5 years.

3. The notes payable were paid off.

Required:

Using the percentage of sales method of financial forecasting:

(i) Determine the external financial requirement for the business for the year ending 31 December 2027.

(ii) Prepare a program statement of financial position for the year ending 31 December 2027.

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April 2023

1 Questions

Question 4c

The following statement of profit or loss relates to Memuko Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021:

Memuko Ltd

Statement of profit or loss for the years ended 31 December:

	2022	2021
	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Net sales	52,678.5	46,485
Cost of goods sold	(19,039.5)	(16,632)
Gross margin	33,639	29,853
Selling and administrative expenses	(19,737)	(17,037)
Other operating expenses	(1,228.5)	(469.5)
Operating income	12,673.5	12,346.5
Interest expense	(1,099.5)	(532.5)
Other income (net expenses)	9,715.5	1,482
Income before taxes	21,289.5	13,296
Income tax expense	(3,576)	(3,060)
Net income	17,713.5	10,236

Required:

(i) Present the common size analysis for Memuko Ltd. income statement.

(ii) Analyse the changes in cost of goods sold, selling and administrative expenses, operating income and income before taxes for the year ended 31 December 2022 compared to 31 December 2021.

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August 2022

1 Questions

Question 3a

Examine four shortcomings of the percentage of sales method of forecasting.

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April 2022

1 Questions

Question 5c

The following information relates to Jolop Ltd. for the financial year ended 31 December 2021:

Jolop Ltd. Statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2021
	Sh."000"	Sh."000"
Sales	200,000
Less: Sales returns	5,000	195,000
Cost of sales:
Opening stock	3,000
Purchases	127,000
Closing stock	(5,000)	(125,000)
Gross profit		70,000
Other income (loss):
Loss on sale of plant		(5,000)
ividend received		10,000
Total revenue		75,000
Less expenses:
Administrative expenses	15,000
Distribution expenses	20,000	(35,000)
Net income/profit		40,000

Jolop Ltd. Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021
Assets	Sh."000"
Non-current assets:
Land	150,000
Building	200,000
Plant and equipment	200,000
Total non-current assets	550,000
Current assets:
Inventory	80,000
Accounts receivable	50,000
Bank balances	20,000
Total current assets	150,000
Total assets	700,000
Equity and liabilities:
Equity
Equity share capital (50 million shares of Sh.10 each)	500,000
General reserve	50,000
Retained earnings	70,000
Total equity	620,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	80,000
Total equity and liabilities	700,000

Required:

Compute and interpret the following for Jolop Ltd.:

(i) Operating profit ratio.

(ii) Net profit to capital employed ratio.

(iii) Stock turnover ratio.

(iv) Debt collection period.

(v) Gross profit ratio.

(vi) Quick/acid test ratio.

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December 2021

1 Questions

Question 4d

The following information relates to Kabaka Ltd. for the year ended 31 March 2021:

	Sh."000"
Profit after tax	12,000
10% Debenture	12,000
Ordinary share capital (Sh.20 par value)	80,000

Additional information:

1	The market price per share is Sh.72.
2	The corporate tax rate is 30%.

Required:

Calculate the following ratios:

(i) Times interest earned ratio.

(ii) Price earnings ratio.

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September 2021

2 Questions

Question 4d

The following financial data relates to Penguine Limited for the year ended 31 December 2020:

	Statement of financial position
	As at 31 December 2020
Assets:	Sh. "million"
Non-current assets	250
Current assets	150
	400
Financed by:
Debt	140
Equity	260
	400
	Statement of profit or loss
	For the year ended 31 December 2020
	Sh. "million"
Net sales	650
Cost of sales	(150)
Gross profit	500
Operating expenses	(200)
Operating profit	300
Interest expense	(30)
Profit before tax	270
Corporation tax	(81)
Profit after tax	189

Additional information:

1. The firm's cost of equity is 12%.

2. Corporation tax rate is 30%.

3. Interest rate on debt is 10%.

Required:

Compute the Economic Value Added (EVA) of the company.

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Question 3b

Hakika Ltd. is a newly listed company in the local Securities Exchange. The company has 1 million ordinary shares trading at Sh.49.50 per share. To finance a restructuring exercise, the company requires Sh.7,855,000. To raise the amount, the company intends to issue a one for five rights issue at a subscription price of Sh.39 per share. The finance manager has projected that upon restructuring, the company's annual cash inflows would increase by Sh.965,000.

In the previous financial year, the company paid a dividend of Sh.5 per share. The dividend and the company's earnings are expected to grow by 5% annually upon restructuring.

Required:

(i) The price of the shares after the rights issue but before they start selling ex-rights.

(ii) The theoretical ex-rights price of the shares.

(iii) The theoretical value of the rights when the shares are selling cum-rights.

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May 2021

1 Questions

Question 5c

The following data was extracted from the financial statements of Mbuni Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2020:

Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2020:

	Sh."000"		Sh."000"
Cash	?	Notes payable	100,000
Accounts receivable	?	Long term debt	?
Plant and equipment	?	Ordinary shares	100,000
		Retained earnings	100,000
Total Assets	?	Total Liabilities	?

Additional information:

Long term debt to equity ratio	0.5 to 1.0
Total assets turnover	2.5 times
Average collection period (Assume 360 days in a year and that all sales are on credit)	18 days
Inventory turnover	9 times
cid test ratio	1 to 1
Gross profit margin	0.1

Required:

Determine the following:

(i) Long term debt.

(ii) Total liabilities and shareholders' equity.

(iii) Cost of sales.

(iv) Inventory.

(v) Accounts receivable.

(vi) Cash.

(vii) Complete the statement of financial position of Mbuni Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2020 using the figures obtained in (c) (i) to (c) (vi) above.

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May 2019

1 Questions

Question 3b

The following is a summary of financial data for Hakika Ltd. for the financial year ended 31 Cecember 2017 and 31 December 2018:

	2018 Sh."000"	2017 Sh."000"
Income statement:
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT)	29,498	27.012
Interest	(3,106)	(3,726)
Tax	(8,694)	(7,452)
Earnings after interest and tax (EAIT)	17,698	15,834
Dividend payable	9,600	6,200
Statement of financial position:
Shareholders' funds	79,800	70,174
Long-term debt	28,000	35,000
	107,800	105,174

Additional information:
			2018	2017
1.	The number of outstanding shares ("000")		28,000	28,000
2.	Price-earnings (P/E) ratio:	Hakika Ltd.	14.00	13.00
		Industry	15.20	15.00

Required:

Calculate the following ratios for years 2017 and 2018:

(i) Return on capital employed (ROCE).

(ii) Interest coverage ratio.

(iii) Earnings per Share (EPS).

(iv) Dividend yield.

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November 2018

2 Questions

Question 1c

The fixed operating cost for Gahaleni Pharmaceutical Ltd. are Sh.5.8 million per annum and the variable cost ratio is 0.20.

Additional information:

1. The company has Sh.2 million in bonds outstanding with an annual coupon interest rate of 8 per cent.

2 The company has 30.000 preference shares outstanding which pay Sh.2 dividend per share each year.

3. The company has 100,000 ordinary shares outstanding.

4. Revenues of the company are Sh.8 million per annum.

5. The company is in the 30% corporate tax bracket.

Required:

(i) The degree of operating leverage.

(ii) The degree of financial leverage.

(iii) The degree of combined leverage.

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Question 4a

The following are the financial statements for ABC Ltd. and XYZ Ltd. for the year ended 30 September 2018:

Income statement for the year ended 30 September 2018:
		ABC Ltd. Sh. "million"		XYZ Ltd. Sh. "million"
Revenues		4,000		6,000
Cost of sales		(3,000)		(4,800)
Gross profit		1,000		1,200
Expenses:
Distribution costs	200		150
Administration expenses	290		250
Finance costs	10	(500)	400	(800)
Profit before tax		500		400
Tax paid		(120)		(90)
Profit after tax		380		310
Dividends paid		(150)		(100)
Retained profits for the year		230		210
Retained profit brought forward		220		2,480
Retained profit carried forward		450		2,690
Statement of financial position as at 30 September 2018:
		ABC Ltd. Sh. "million"		XYZ Ltd. Sh. "million"
Non-current assets:
Land and buildings		1,200		5,000
Furniture and motor vehicles		600		1,000
		1,800		6,000
Current assets:
Inventories	400
Trade receivables	850
Financial assets	100
Cash at bank	-	1,350		1,880
		3,150		7,880
Financed by:
Equity and liabilities:
Ordinary share capital		1,000		1,600
Retained profits		450		2,690
		1,450		4,290
Non-current liabilities:
Bank loan		500		3,000
Current liabilities:
Trade payables	1,080		590
Bank overdraft	120	1,200	-	590
		3,150		7,880

Required:

(i). Vertical common size statements of income for the year ended 30 September 2018.

(ii). Vertical common size statements of financial position as at 30 September 2018.

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May 2018

2 Questions

Question 5a

Distinguish between "financial planning" and "financial forecasting".

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Question 5c

Furunzi Express Ltd.'s records got lost in a fire that burnt down the accounts office.

The following information was however obtained from the laptop of the accountant for the year ended 31 December 2017:

Opening stock	Sh.450,000
Stock turnover ratio	10 times
Net profit margin	15%
Gross profit margin	20%
Current ratio	4:1
Long-term loan	Sh.1,000,000
Depreciation of fixed assets (10%)	Sh.100,000
Closing stock	Sh.510,000

Additional information:

1. Credit period allowed by suppliers is one month.

2. Average debt collection period is 2 months.

3. On 31 December 2017, current assets consisted of stock, debtors and cash only.

4. There was no bank overdraft.

5. All purchases are made on credit.

6. Cash sales were 4 of total sales.

Required:

(i) Cost of sales.

(ii) Gross profit.

(iii) Total sales.

(iv) Total purchases.

(v) Net profit.

(vi) Debtors value.

(vii) Creditors value.

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November 2017

1 Questions

Question 1c

Illustrate how the problem of window dressing manifests itself in measuring business performance using financial ratio analysis.

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May 2017

1 Questions

Question 4a

The following are the summarised financial statements for Bokasa Limited.

Bokasa Limited statement of financial position as at 31 December:
	Sh."000"	2015 Sh."000"	Sh."000"	2016 Sh."000"
Non-current assets		4,995		12,700
Current assets:
Inventory	40,145		50,455
Accounts receivable	40,210		43,370
Cash at bank	12,090	92,447	5,790	99,615
Total assets		97,442		112,315
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	34,389		39,250
Taxation	2,473		3,260
	36,862		42,475
Long-term liabilities:
10% loan notes	19,840		19,480
Total liabilities		(56,702)		(62,315)
Net assets		40,740		50,000
Equity:
Called-up share capital Sh.0.25 per share		9,920		9,920
Retained earnings		30,820		40,080
Shareholders' funds		40,740		50,000

Bokasa Limited income statement for the year ended 31 December:
	2015 Sh."000"	2016 Sh."000"
Revenue	486,300	583,900
Operating profit	17,233	20,670
Interest payable	1,984	1,986
Profit before taxation	15,254	18,686
Taxation	5,734	7,026
Profit for the year	9,520	11,660

Notes:		31 December 2015 Sh."000"	31 December 2016 Sh."000"
1	Retained profit brought forward	23,540	30,820
2	Dividends paid during the year	2,240	2,400

Required:

For each of the two years, calculate:

(i) Earnings per share (EPS).

(ii) Dividend cover.

(iii) Current ratio.

(iv) Acid test ratio.

(v) Return on capital employed (ROCE).

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November 2016

3 Questions

Question 1c

The following data was extracted from the financial statements of XYZ Limited for the year ended 30 September 2016.

Total assets	Sh.7,000,000
Total liabilities	Sh.4,000,000
Preference share capital	Sh.500,000
Earnings per share (EPS)	Sh.1.10
Price-earnings (P/E) ratio	15
Outstanding number of ordinary shares	400,000

Required:

(i) Book value per share.

(ii) Market price per share.

(iii) Market value to book value ratio.

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Question 3a

The management of Georgina Ltd. wishes to establish the amount of external financial needs for the year ending 31 December 2016. The statement of financial position of the company as at 31 December 2015 was as follows:

	Sh."000"
Plant and machinery	31,200
Furniture and fittings	18.720
Motor vehicles	12,480
Inventory	19,200
Account receivablés	14,400
Cash and bank	3,600
	99,600
Financed by:
Ordinary share capital	42,000
Retained profit	17,600
14% debenture capital	10,000
Account payables	18,000
Accrued expenses	12,000
	99,600

Additional information:

1. The sales for the year ended 31 December 2015 amounted to Sh.120.000.000.

2. The company forecasts that sales will increase by 10% for the year ending 31 December 2016.

3. For the year ended 31 December 2015, the after-tax profit of the company amounted to Sh.18,000,000.

4. The company adopts 80% payout ratio as its dividend policy. The payout ratio is expected to remain constant each year in perpetuity.

5. The after-tax profit margin is also expected to remain constant each year.

6. Assets are expected to vary directly with sales while account payables and accrued expenses form the spontaneous sources of financing.

7. Any external financing will be effected through long term debt financing.

Required:

(i) The amount of external 12% long term debt financing that would be required for the year ending 31 December 2016.

(ii) A forecast statement of financial position as at 31 December 2016.

(iii) Comment on two weaknesses of the method of forecasting applied in (a)(i) and (a)(ii) above.

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Question 5c

The following data was extracted from Mwakuhenga Limited's financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2016:

	Sh.
Total sales	3,000,000
Variable costs	(900,000)
Contribution	2,100,000
Fixed costs	(1,500,000)
Earning before interest and tax (EBIT)	600,000
Interest	(75,000)
Profit before tax	525,000

Required:

Using the concept of leverage, determine:

(i). The percentage taxable income if EBIT increases by 6%.

(ii). The percentage EBIT if there is a 10% increase in sales.

(iii). The percentage taxable income if sales increase by 8%.

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May 2016

1 Questions

Question 3a

The following data was extracted from the financial statements of Jaribuni Limited for the year ended 31 December 2015:

Cash and cash equivalents
Fixed assets
Sales (credit)
Net income
Current liabilities
Notes payable to bank
Current ratio
Debtors collection period
Return on equity

Sh."millions"
200
567
2,000
100
211
40
3:1
40.55 days
12%

Assume 365 days in a year.

Required:
(i) Accounts receivable.

(ii) Current assets.

(iii) Return on total assets

(iv) Equity.

(v) Quick ratio.

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November 2015

1 Questions

Question 3a

The following information relates to Mongwe Limited for the year ended 31 October 2015:

Earnings yield
Dividend for the year
Nominal value per share
Market price per share

25%
10% of share nominal value
Sh.40
Sh.150

Required:
(i) Earnings per share (EPS).

(ii) Dividend cover.

(iii) Price-earnings (P/E) ratio.

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Pilot September 2015

1 Questions

Question 5a

The most recent statement of financial position for Upendo Ltd. is presented below:

Upendo Ltd. Statement of financial position As at 30th November 2014
Inventory Debtors Cash at bank Fixed assets (NBV)	Sh."000" 2,000 3,000 3,800 13,200 22,000	Trade creditors Accrued expenses Long-term debt Ordinary shares Retained profit	Sh."000" 2,200 2,200 8,800 2,200 6,600 22,000

The company is about to embark on an advertising campaign which is expected to raise sales from their present level of Sh.27.5 million to Sh.38.5 million by the end of the next financial year ended 30 November 2015.

The firm is presently operating at full capacity and therefore will have to increase its investment in both current and fixed assets to support the projected level of sales. It It is estimated that both categories of assets will rise in direct proportion to the projected increase in sales.

For the year just ended, the firm's after tax profit margin was 6% but is expected to rise to 7% of projected sales. The firm adopts a stable predictable dividend policy. The ordinary dividend payable for the year ended 30 November 2015 is expected to increase by 10% from the last year's dividend of Sh.1 million.

Upendo Ltd's trade creditors and accrued expenses are expected to vary directly with sales. In addition, long term debt financing will be used to finance next year's operations that are not forthcoming from other sources.

Required:
(i) Estimate the amount of additional funds to be raised through long term debt financing.

(ii) Prepare a forecast statement of financial position as at 30 November 2015.

(iii) Using the results obtained in (a) (i) and (ii) above, compute and interpret the following financial ratios for the year ended 30 November 2015:

(a) Return on equity.

(b) Total assets turnover.

(c) Capital gearing ratio.

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