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Contemporary issues and emerging trends

Unit: Financial Management

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August 2025

 1 Questions
Question 3a
​​Distinguish between “cryptocurrency” and “block-chain technology”.


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April 2025

 1 Questions
Question 4b
​​Digitisation of financial transactions involves using technology to replace traditional paper-based on manual processes with electronic systems. The transformation includes the use of digital payments. This digitisation is driven by advancements in technology and the rise of Fintech. 

Required: 
In relation to the above statement, explain FIVE advantages of digitisation of financial transactions.


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August 2024

 1 Questions
Question 1b
​​The principles that govern all ethical behaviour for finance managers in practice and in business helps them to navigate the complexity of their work. 

Required: 
In reference to the above statement, explain THREE fundamental principles of ethical behaviour.


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April 2024

 2 Questions
Question 3a
​​In relation to emerging trends in finance, explain the term “cryptocurrency”.


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Question 1a
​​In relation to agency theory: 

(i) Highlight THREE types of conflicts between shareholders and government. 

(ii) Propose THREE solutions to the conflicts identified in (a) (i) above.


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December 2023

 1 Questions
Question 5d
​ ​ ​​The following financial information relates to Steps Ltd. for the year ended 30 September 2023: 
 
1. Adjusted net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is Sh.180 million. 
2. Total capital is Sh.900 million (no debt). 
3. Closing market share price is Sh.29. 
4. Total number of shares outstanding is 86 million. 
5. The cost of equity is 13%. 
 
 Required:  
Compute the following relative performance measures for Steps Ltd.: 
 
(i) Economic value added (EVA).
 
(ii) Market value added (MVA).


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August 2023

 1 Questions
Question 5a
​​Outline FIVE factors driving financial innovation in the recent past.


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April 2023

 1 Questions
Question 5a
​​Distinguish between “herd behaviour” and “anchoring bias” as used in behavioural finance.


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December 2022

 2 Questions
Question 5a
​ ​​(i) Explain the term “crowdfunding”. 

(ii) Explain TWO benefits of digital finance as part of financial inclusion.


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Question 1a
​​Ethical responsibilities arise not as a result of legal requirements but as a result of moral imperative for companies to operate in an ethical and fair manner. 

In light of the above statement, summarise SIX elements of business ethics in management of companies.


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August 2022

 1 Questions
Question 4a
​​Cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptograph to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units and verity the transfer of assets. 

Required: 
In light of the above statement, examine four limitations of cryptocurrency.


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April 2022

 1 Questions
Question 5a
​​Big data finance refers to large diverse (structured and unstructured) and complex sets of data that can be used to provide solutions to long standing business challenges for financial services and banking companies around the world.  

Required: 
In relation to the above statement, discuss two big data challenges facing the banking and finance industry.


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Pilot December 2021

 1 Questions
Question 2c
​​Examine three key differences between behavioral finance and traditional finance.


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November 2019

 1 Questions
Question 5a
​​The concept of interest rate capping has generated considerable interest from players in both public and private sectors, particularly in developing economies. 

Required: 
(i) Describe the link between interest rates and availability of credit to small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). 
(ii) Citing three reasons, summarise the case for and against interest rate capping in an economy.



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May 2019

 1 Questions
Question 4a
​​ Credit card finance has become popular in the recent past compared to usage of cash to effect commercial transactions. 

Required: 
With reference to the above statement: 

(i) Highlight four reasons behind the fast growth of credit card finance in your country. 
(ii) Evaluate four limitations of using credit cards as a source of finance.


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May 2018

 1 Questions
Question 5b
​​Explain four benefits that might accrue from demutualisation of securities exchange of your country.


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November 2017

 1 Questions
Question 5a
​​Describe three factors that have limited the growth of venture capital investment in most developing countries.


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November 2016

 1 Questions
Question 2a
​​Discuss three possible solutions to adverse selection.


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May 2016

 2 Questions
Question 4a
​ ​​Highlight four shortcomings of financial deepening.


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Question 4b
​​(i) Define the term "franchising".
(ii) Suggest four reasons why franchising could be considered as an alternative source of finance to a company.


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November 2015

 1 Questions
Question 5c
​​Summarise six benefits of the integrated financial management information system (IFMIS).


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Pilot September 2015

 1 Questions
Question 5b
​ ​​(i) Define the term financial innovation.
(ii) Highlight any three factors responsible for financial innovation.


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