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April 2022

Unit: Financial Management

16 Questions

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Questions

1a
Overview of financial management
​​Describe four ways of encouraging managers to achieve stakeholders' objectives.
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1b
Dividend decision
​​State five arguments against Modigliani and Miller's (MM's) view that dividend policy is irrelevant as a means of affecting shareholders' wealth.
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1c
Financial institutions and markets
​​Explain three forms of market information efficiency as stipulated by Eugene Fama's efficient market hypothesis (EMH).
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1d
Business/Financial asset Valuation models
​ ​You are on attachment in an investment firm and the following information regarding investments has been provided to you by a company whose earnings per share (EPS) in the current financial year was Sh.8. The company adopts a 60% payout ratio as its dividend policy.

The company is considering two investment options as follows:

Option 1:
The firm has an investment opportunity which, if undertaken, the growth rate in dividends will be 10% per annum for the next 3 years. The growth rate will fall to 8% per annum for the next 2 years after the first 3 years and then stabilise at 6% per annum thereafter.

Option2:
The firm can continue with the current investments and the growth in dividends will continue at the rate of 10% per annum in perpetuity.

Required:
Assuming the required rate of return is 18%, advise the company on the option to take.
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2a
Time-value of money
​ ​James Chege intends to accumulate Sh.10,000,000 in his bank account 15 years from now.

Required:
The amount he should deposit now assuming that the bank is offering a 5% interest rate per annum compounded semi-annually. 
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2b
Working capital management
​ ​​The following information relates to Triplex Ltd: 

  1. The company has annual sales revenue of Sh.6,000,000 and all sales are on 30 days credit, although customers on average take 10 days more than the recommended 30 days to pay.
  2. Contribution represents 60% of sales and the company currently has no bad debts. Accounts receivable are financed by an overdraft at an annual interest rate of 7%.
  3. Triplex Ltd. plans to offer an early settlements discount of 1.5% for payment within 15 days and to extend the maximum credit offered to 60 days. 
  4. The company expects that these changes will increase annual credit sales by 5% while also leading to additional incremental costs equal to 0.5% of sales revenue. 
  5. The discount is expected to be taken by 30% of customers, while the remaining customers would take an average of 60 days to pay. 
Required: 
Evaluate whether the proposed changes in credit policy will increase the profitability of Triplex Ltd.
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2c
Introduction to capital budgeting decisions
​ ​ ​​Tuli Ltd. intends to invest in one of two machines; A or B. The following data is available:

Year
Machine A
Machine B
Cash inflows "Sh.000"
Cash inflows "Sh.000"
0
(30,000)
(30,000)
1
  8,400
8,400
2
  9,600
9,000
3
14,000
8,000
4
16,000
10,000  
5
  4,000
20,000  

Additional information: 
1. Both machines have a useful life of 5 years. 
2 Depreciation is on a straight line basis. 
3. The corporate tax rate is 30%. 

Required: 
Using pay back period as the criterion for project selection, advise the management of Tuli Ltd. on which machine to invest in.

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3a
Financial institutions and markets
​​(i) Explain the term "cross border listing". 
(ii) Explain four benefits that would accrue to a firm that undertakes cross border listing of its shares.
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3b
Personal financial management
​​Outline four reasons behind investors' preference for current income as opposed to future income.
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3c
The financing decision Introduction to capital structure decisions
​ ​ ​ ​​​​​The following financial information relates to Panda Ltd.: 

Statement of financial position extract as at 31 December 2021
Sh."000"
Sh."000"
Equity:
Ordinary shares (each Sh.5 par value)
16,000
Reserves
72,000
88,000
Long term liabilities:
4% preference shares (each Sh.10 par value)
12,000
7%, 6 year redeemable bonds
12,000
Long term bank loan
4,000
28,000
116,000

Additional information:
1.
The ordinary shares of Panda Ltd. have an ex-dividend market value of Sh.47 per share and an ordinary dividend of Sh.3.63 per share has just been paid.

Historic dividend payments have been as follows:
1.
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
Dividend per share (Sh.)
3.09
3.22
3.36
3.50
2.
The preference shares of Panda Ltd. are not redeemable and have an ex-dividend market value of Sh.4 per share.
3.
The 7% bonds are redeemable at a 5% premium to their nominal value of Sh.100 per bond and have an ex-interest market value of Sh.104.50 per bond. 
4.
The bank loan has a variable interest rate that has averaged 4% per year in recent years.
5.
The corporate tax rate applicable to Panda Ltd. is 30% per year.
 
Required: 
The market value weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of Panda Ltd.
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4a
Financial institutions and markets The financing decision
​​Explain four methods that a company could use to issue ordinary shares.
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4b
Financial institutions and markets
​​Highlight five functions of the Central Depository System (CDS).
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4c
Introduction to portfolio analysis
​ ​ ​ ​​Fredrick Onyango, a prospective investor, is considering buying shares of Company A and Company B which are currently selling at Sh.40 and Sh.50 respectively at the securities exchange. He wishes to invest Sh.1,000,000 in both companies' shares in the ratio of 6:4 for share A and share B respectively. 

The forecasted end of year market prices and the probabilities of their occurrence in different economic conditions are given as follows:

Economic
End of year market price (Sh.)
Condition
Probability
Share A
Share B
Best 
0.40
50
60
Fair
0.30
42
50
Poor
0.30
35
40

Required: 
(i) Expected rate of return for each investment.

(ii) Portfolio expected return. 

(iii) Assuming that the returns of share A and share B are perfectly positively correlated, compute the portfolio risk. 
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5a
Contemporary issues and emerging trends
​​Big data finance refers to large diverse (structured and unstructured) and complex sets of data that can be used to provide solutions to long standing business challenges for financial services and banking companies around the world.  

Required: 
In relation to the above statement, discuss two big data challenges facing the banking and finance industry.
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5b
Islamic finance
​ ​​Explain two differences between "conventional finance" and "islamic finance".
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5c
Financial statements analysis and forecasting
​ ​​ The following information relates to Jolop Ltd. for the financial year ended 31 December 2021: 



                                                        Jolop Ltd.
Statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2021​​
Sh."000"
Sh."000"
Sales
200,000
Less: Sales returns
5,000
195,000
Cost of sales:
Opening stock
3,000
Purchases
127,000
Closing stock
(5,000)
(125,000)
Gross profit
70,000
Other income (loss):
Loss on sale of plant
(5,000)
ividend received
10,000
Total revenue
75,000
Less expenses:
Administrative expenses
15,000
Distribution expenses
20,000
(35,000)
Net income/profit
40,000

Jolop Ltd.
Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021
Assets
Sh."000"
Non-current assets:
Land
150,000
Building
200,000
Plant and equipment
200,000
Total non-current assets
550,000
Current assets:
Inventory
80,000
Accounts receivable
50,000
Bank balances
20,000
Total current assets
150,000
Total assets
700,000
Equity and liabilities:
Equity
Equity share capital (50 million shares of Sh.10 each)
500,000
General reserve
50,000
Retained earnings
70,000
Total equity
620,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
80,000
Total equity and liabilities
700,000

Required: 
Compute and interpret the following for Jolop Ltd.: 

(i) Operating profit ratio. 

(ii) Net profit to capital employed ratio. 

(iii) Stock turnover ratio. 

(iv) Debt collection period. 

(v) Gross profit ratio. 

(vi) Quick/acid test ratio.
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