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CPA Financial Reporting – April 2026 Past Paper & Answers

Unit: Financial Reporting

7 Questions

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Download CPA Financial Reporting April 2026 past paper with detailed answers and marking scheme. This paper is based on KASNEB examination standards and is ideal for revision and exam preparation.

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1
Accounting for Assets and Liabilities Accounting for Specialized Transactions Preparation of Published Financial Statements Public Sector Accounting Standards
​ ​​(a) With reference to International Accounting Standard (IAS 37) “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets” or International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS 19) “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”:  
 
(i) Describe the TWO criteria that must be met for a provision to be recognised in the financial statements.    
 
(ii) Distinguish between a “present obligation” and a “possible obligation” in the context of liabilities.          
  
(b) Under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 15) “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” or International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS 47) “Revenue”:  
 
(i) Explain the concept of a "performance obligation" (referred to as a compliance obligation in IPSAS 47).      
  
(ii) Identify the TWO conditions that must be met for a promised good or service to be considered "distinct". 
 
(c) International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS 24) “Presentation of Budget Information in Financial Statements” requires a comparison between budget and actual amounts. Analyse TWO ways in which an entity may present this comparison in its financial statements. 
 
(d) In the context of International Accounting Standard (IAS 8) “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” or International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS 3) “Accounting Policies, Changes in accounting policies and Errors” distinguish between the “retrospective application” of a new accounting policy and the “prospective recognition” of a change in an accounting estimate.  
 
(e) With reference to International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS 46) “Measurement”, explain the term "current operational value" citing one key objective that determines its use for property, plant, and equipment.    
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2
Preparation of Financial Statements for different entities/Transaction
​ ​ ​ ​ ​​The following trial balance was extracted from the books of Sulmac Engineering Ltd. as at 31 December 2025:

Sh.“000”Sh.“000”
Ordinary share capital (Sh.10 par value)-
1,500,000
Share premium-310,000
Retained earnings (1 January 2025)-385,600
10% Loan notes (issued 1 July 2025)-400,000
Deferred tax (1 January 2025)-45,000
Land at cost600,000-
Buildings at cost1,500,000-
Plant and machinery at cost980,000-
Accumulated depreciation (1 January 2025):
• Buildings
-300,000
• Plant and machinery-340,000
Investment property (at cost)450,000-
Goodwill (Carrying amount 1 January 2025)120,000-
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)200,000
-
Right-of-use (ROU) Asset (1 January 2025)160,000-
Lease liability (1 January 2025)-160,000
Inventory (1 January 2025)245,000-
Purchases and Sales2,840,0005,510,300
Returns inward and returns outward45,00030,000
Carriage inward30,900-
Distribution costs412,500-
Administrative expenses568,400-
Director's remuneration and audit fees70,000-
Investment income-32,000
Interest paid20,000-
Trade receivables and trade payables684,200465,000
Expected Credit Loss (1 January 2025)-14,200
Bank balance and Cash in hand462,500-
Hire of plant and Credit Losses43,600-
Dividends paid60,000-
Total9,492,1009,492,100

Additional information:
1.Closing inventory as at 31 December 2025 was valued at Sh.285,000,000. This valuation includes items with a cost of Sh.25,000,000 that were damaged; their net realisable value is estimated at Sh.16,000,000.
2
Depreciation is to be provided as follows:
• Buildings: 2% per annum on cost.
• Plant and machinery: 15% per annum on cost.
• Right-of-use (ROU) Asset: Over the 5-year lease term on a straight-line basis.
• Investment Property: Using the cost model, 5% per annum on cost.
  Depreciation is to be allocated: 70% to cost of sales and 30% to administrative expenses.
3.Sulmac Engineering Ltd. revalued its land to Sh.750,000,000 on 31 December 2025. This revaluation has not yet been reflected in the accounts.
4.The lease liability relates to an agreement where Sh.40,000,000 is payable annually in arrears. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 10% per annum. The payment for the year ended 31 December 2025 was made and correctly recorded in the lease liability account, but the finance cost for the year has not yet been provided for.
5.The 10% loan notes were issued at a discount of 5%. The issue costs of Sh.15,000,000 were debited to administrative expenses. The effective interest rate is 12% per annum.
6.On 1 October 2025, the company made a 1-for-4 rights issue at Sh.12 per share. The full proceeds have been correctly incorporated into the harmonised trial balance above.
7.During the year, the company received a Government grant of Sh.50,000,000 related to the purchase of the plant. This was incorrectly credited to sales revenue. The company’s policy is to treat grants as deferred income, with 20% of the grant to be recognised in the current year's profit or loss.
8.An impairment test revealed that Goodwill was impaired by 10%. A fair value gain of Sh.15,000,000 on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) is to be recognised in the current year's profit or loss. The expected credit loss is to be adjusted to 5% of the closing trade receivables.
9.A legal claim against the company for breach of contract is deemed "probable" with an estimated settlement of Sh.15,000,000. No provision has been made.
10.The directors estimate current tax for the year at Sh.95,000,000. The temporary differences at year-end require the deferred tax liability to be adjusted to a closing balance of Sh.58,000,000.

Required: 
(i) Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2025. 

(ii) Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2025. 

(iii) Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2025. 
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3
Accounting and Financial Statements for Interests in Other Entities
​ ​ ​​Magnate Ltd., a public limited company, acquired 16 million (80%) of the 20 million ordinary shares of Sphere Ltd. on 1 January 2025. At the date of acquisition, the retained earnings of Sphere Ltd. stood at Sh.145 million. 

The purchase consideration was settled as follows: 
  • An exchange of one (1) ordinary share in Magnate Ltd. for every four (4) ordinary shares acquired in Sphere Ltd. The market price of a Magnate Ltd. share on 1 January 2025 was Sh.60. The par value of Magnate Ltd.'s shares is Sh.10. 
  • A cash payment of Sh.121 million to be made on 1 January 2027 (two years after acquisition). Magnate Ltd.’s cost of capital is 10% per annum. 
 No entries have been made in the books of Magnate Ltd. to reflect either the share exchange or the deferred consideration. 

 The draft statements of financial position for the two companies as at 31 December 2025 were as follows:

AssetsMagnate Ltd.Sphere Ltd.
Sh.“000”Sh.“000”
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment840,000410,000
Investments (at cost)110,00045,000
Current assets:
Inventories142,00098,000
Trade receivables115,00082,000
Bank balance43,00015,000
Total assets1,250,000650,000
Equity and liabilities
Ordinary share capital (Sh.10 par value)500,000200,000
Share premium150,00050,000
Retained earnings380,000260,000
Non-current liabilities:
8% Loan notes100,00060,000
Current liabilities:
Trade payables120,00080,000
Total equity and liabilities1,250,000650,000

Additional information: 
1. At the date of acquisition, the fair value of Sphere Ltd.’s land was Sh.25 million in excess of its carrying amount. This land is still held by Sphere Ltd., and the revaluation has not been recorded in its individual financial statements. 
2. During the year, Magnate Ltd. sold goods to Sphere Ltd. for Sh.40 million. Magnate Ltd. applied a mark-up of 25% on cost. At the year-end, three-quarters of these goods remained in Sphere Ltd.’s inventory. 
3. On 31 December 2025, Sphere Ltd. sent a cheque for Sh.10 million to Magnate Ltd. to reduce its intercompany trade payable. Magnate Ltd. did not receive or record this cheque until 4 January 2026.
4. Sphere Ltd. acquired a new machine on 1 July 2025 for Sh.40 million. The acquisition was financed through a short term bank loan, which was incorrectly included in Sphere's trade payables. 
5. It is the group's policy to measure the non-controlling interest at its fair value at the date of acquisition. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Sphere Ltd. on 1 January 2025 was estimated at Sh.95 million. 
6. Goodwill was tested for impairment at the year-end and was found to have reduced in value by 10%. 
7. At the date of acquisition, the plant and equipment of Sphere Ltd. had a fair value of Sh.20 million in excess of its carrying amount. This plant had a remaining useful life of 5 years at 1 January 2025. Sphere Ltd. has not adjusted its records to reflect this revaluation or the additional depreciation. 
8. On 30 December 2025, Magnate Ltd. dispatched goods to Sphere Ltd. at an invoiced price of Sh.5 million. These goods were not received by Sphere Ltd. until 5 January 2026 and were not included in its closing inventory. Magnate applied the same 25% mark-up on these goods. 
9. On 28 December 2025, Sphere Ltd. declared a final dividend of Sh.0.50 per share. Magnate Ltd. has not yet recorded its share of this dividend in its individual financial statements. 
10. Magnate Ltd. has not yet recorded the interest due on its 8% Loan notes for the year ended 31 December 2025. 

Required: 
(a) Calculate the goodwill on acquisition of Sphere Ltd. 

(b) Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Magnate Group as at 31 December 2025. 

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4a
Preparation of Financial Statements for different entities/Transaction
​​With reference to International Accounting Standard (IAS 41) “Agriculture” or International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS 27): 
 
(i) Explain the accounting treatment of biological assets and the criteria for their recognition.  
  
(ii) Distinguish between “consumable” and “bearer biological assets” providing an example of each.
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4b
Preparation of Financial Statements for different entities/Transaction
​ ​​Green Pastures Ltd. is a large-scale farming enterprise. The following trial balance was extracted from the company’s books as at 30 June 2025:

Sh.“000”Sh.“000”
Capital (1 July 2024)400,000
Retained earnings (1 July 2024)154,600
Land and bearer plants at cost480,000
Accumulated depreciation: Bearer plants120,000
Dairy cattle at fair value (1 July 2024)185,000
Sheep and goats at fair value (1 July 2024)92,400
Inventories: Animal feeds and fertilizers34,200
Cash at bank and in hand56,800
Purchases of livestock during the year
42,000
Sales: Milk and wool245,000
Sales: Livestock68,000
Operating expenses115,600
Trade receivables84,600
Trade payables103,000
TOTAL1,090,6001,090,600

Additional information: 
1. The fair value of the dairy cattle at 30 June 2025 was Sh.210,000,000. 
2. The fair value of sheep and goats at 30 June 2025 was Sh.85,000,000. 
3. Bearer plants are depreciated at 10% per annum on cost. No depreciation has been provided for the year. 
4. Animal feeds costing Sh.12,500,000 were still in inventory at 30 June 2025. 
5. During the year, milk worth Sh.8,000,000 was consumed by the farm workers. This has not been recorded. 
6. A government grant of Sh.15,000,000 was received for the sheep and goats project, but it was incorrectly credited to the land account. The grant is unconditional. 
7. Operating expenses include Sh.5,000,000 incurred for the primary purpose of managing the biological transformation. 
8. The estimated cost to sell for all biological assets is 2% of the fair value. 

Required: 
(i) Livestock Account (to determine the fair value gain or loss for the year).

(ii) Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2025.  
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5a
Analysing Financial Statements
​​Explain TWO advantages of common-size vertical analysis in evaluating a company’s financial performance.
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5b
Analysing Financial Statements
​ ​​The following financial statements extracts relates to Vanguard Ltd. for the years ended 31 December 2024 and 2025:

Income Statement extract:20252024
Sh.“000”Sh.“000”
Revenue3,200,0002,800,000
Cost of sales(2,144,000)(1,736,000)
Operating expenses(416,000)(392,000)
Finance costs(95,000)(80,000)
Income tax expense(163,500)(177,600)
20252024
Sh.“000”Sh.“000”
Statement of Financial Position extract:
Property, Plant and Equipment1,840,0001,620,000
Inventory485,000410,000
Trade receivables512,000445,000
Cash and bank64,000115,000
Ordinary Share Capital1,000,0001,000,000
Retained Earnings945,000812,000
10% Loan notes650,000500,000
Current Liabilities306,000278,000

Required: 
(i) Prepare common-size vertical statements of profit or loss for Vanguard Ltd., for both years. 
(ii) Compute the following ratios for the year 2025 and year 2024: 
  •  Gross profit margin. 
  •  Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). 
  •  Inventory turnover period (in days), assuming a 365- day year.
  •  Gearing ratio (Debt-to-Equity).
(iii) Evaluate the company’s profitability and solvency position based on your findings in (i) and (ii) above. 
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