KASNEB Financial Reporting - Question 5a

Discuss the business concept of “triple bottom line” as applied in financial reporting. ... [Click to view full question and step-by-step solution]

FRA August 2022 Past Paper & PDF Solutions

1a

Accounting for Specialized Transactions

A number of developing countries are engaged in exploration of minerals to boost their economic empowerment. Your company, an international mineral exploration firm has been contracted by one of the developing countries on a mineral exploration and evaluation engagement.

Required:

Advise the Board of Management of the company on the following:

(i) The relevant International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for accounting for exploration of mineral resources and the scope of the standard.

(ii) The key provisions of the IFRS in (a) (i) above on impairments of assets used in exploration activities.

(iii) Disclosure requirements in the financial statements under the IFRS.

1b

Public Sector Accounting Standards

International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS) 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements provides that “financial statements shall present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity”.

In the context of the above statement:

(i) Describe what “fair presentation of financial statements” entails.

(ii) Explain the disclosure requirements where an entity departs from a requirement of the IPSAS.

2

Accounting and Financial Statements for Interests in Other Entities

Kuja Limited has owned 70% of Twende Limited’s equity share capital since 1 April 2017.

The acquisition consideration consisted of cash amounting to Sh.3,600 million paid on 1 April 2017. The retained earnings balance of Twende Limited at the date of acquisition stood at Sh.870 million and had no other reserves.

The draft financial statements for the two group companies for the year ended 31 March 2022 were as set out below:

Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 March 2022:

	Kuja Limited	Twende Limited
	Sh.“million”	Sh.“million”
Revenue	5,100	1,920
Cost of sales	(4,050)	(1,110)
Gross profit	1,050	810
Distribution costs	(240)	(210)
Administrative expenses	(480)	(230)
Operating profit	330	370
Investment income	160	-
Finance costs	(85)	(125)
Profit before tax	405	245
Income tax expense	(175)	(125)
Profit for the year	230	120
Other comprehensive income:
Gain on property revaluation	180	100
Total comprehensive income for the year	410	220

Statement of financial position as at 31 March 2022:

	Kuja Limited	Twende Limited
	Sh.“million”	Sh.“million”
Assets:
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment	5,300	5,050
Investment	4,500	-
	9,800	5,050
Current assets:
Inventory	2,840	1,560
Trade receivables	2,480	1,860
Cash and cash equivalents	1,780	1,030
Total assets	16,900	9,500
Equity and liabilities:
Equity :
Ordinary share capital	5,000	3,000
Share premium	1,000	-
Revaluation surplus	1,550	700
Retained earnings	4,170	2,530
Total equity	11,720	6,230
Non-current liabilities:
10% loan notes	1,700	1,050
Deferred tax	740	570
Current liabilities:
Trade payables	2,340	1,300
Current tax	400	350
Total equity and liabilities	16,900	9,500

Additional information:

A fair value exercise carried out on 1 April 2017 concluded that the carrying amounts of Twende Limited’s net assets approximated their fair values with the exception of an item of plant and equipment which had a carrying amount of Sh.100 million below its fair value. At 1 April 2017, the plant and equipment had a remaining economic useful life of ten years. Depreciation is charged to cost of sales.
It is the group’s policy to measure the non-controlling interests at fair value at the date of acquisition. The fair value of the non-controlling interest in Twende Limited on 1 April 2017 was estimated at Sh.1,370 million.
Kuja group adopts revaluation model to measure its property, plant and equipment as permitted by International Accounting Standard (IAS) 16 “Property, Plant and Equipment”. Revaluation surplus reported by Twende Limited relates to the revaluations conducted in the post-acquisition period.
During the year ended 31 March 2022, Twende Limited sold goods worth Sh.200 million to Kuja Limited. Twende Limited reports a gross profit markup of 25% on all its sales. Kuja Limited still had 25% of these goods in its inventory as at 31 March 2022.
At 31 March 2022, Twende Limited’s records showed a receivable due from Kuja Limited of Sh.140 million which corresponded with the balance in Kuja Limited’s trade payables.
An impairment review conducted on 31 March 2022 revealed that goodwill arising on acquisition of Twende Limited was impaired by 10%. No impairment loss had been reported in prior years.

Required:

(a) Group statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 March 2022.

(b) Group statement of financial position as at 31 March 2022.

3

Preparation of Published Financial Statements

The income statement of Coaster Limited, a company operating in the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector for the year ended 31 December 2021 together with the comparative statements of financial position as at 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 are shown below:

Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2021:

	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Revenue		6,500
Cost of sales		(3,100)
Gross profit		3,400
Other income		8,000
		11,400
Expenses:
Distribution costs	5,200
Administrative costs	5,660	(10,860)
Operating profit		540
Interest receivable		80
Interest payable		(520)
Profit before tax		100
Net income tax credit		100
Profit for the year after tax		200

Statement of financial position as at 31 December:

Assets:	2021	2020
Non-current assets:	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Property, plant and equipment at cost	42,000	50,400
Less accumulated depreciation	(20,800)	(18,800)
	21,200	31,600
Current assets:
Inventory	7,100	5,700
Trade receivables	7,200	6,200
Insurance claim	2,000	1,400
Cash at bank	1,700	-
	18,000	13,300
Total assets	39,200	44,900
Equity and liabilities:
Captial and reserves:
Ordinary shares of Sh.10 each	12,000	12,000
Retained profit	5,100	3,200
Revaluation reserve	-	1,700
	17,100	16,900
Non-current liabilities:
Finance lease obligations	4,000	3,400
10% debentures	1,600	-
12% bank loan	-	8,000
Deferred tax	400	1,000
Government grants	2,800	1,800
	8,800	14,200
Current liabilities:
Trade payables	10,100	7,900
Government grants	1,200	800
Finance lease obligations	1,800	1,600
Current tax	200	2,400
Bank overdraft	-	1,100
	13,300	13,800
Total capital and liabilities	39,200	44,900

Additional information:

Interest expense includes finance lease interest.
During the year, Coaster Limited sold its factory at its fair value of Sh.24,000,000. At the date of sale, it had a carrying value of Sh.14,800,000 based on previous revaluation of Sh.17,200,000 less depreciation of Sh.2,400,000 since the revaluation. The profit on the sale of the factory has been included in other income. The surplus on the revaluation surplus related entirely to the factory. No other disposals of non-current assets were made during the year.
Plant acquired under finance lease during the year was for Sh.3,000,000. Other purchases during the year qualified for Government grants of Sh.1,900,000. Amortisation of government grants has been credited to the cost of sales.
The insurance claim relates to the flood damage to the company’s inventories which occurred in April 2020. The original estimate has been revised during the year after negotiation with the insurance company. The claim is expected to be settled in the near future.

Required:

Statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2021 in conformity with the requirements of International Accounting Standard (IAS) 7 “Statement of Cash Flows”.

4a

Accounting for Assets and Liabilities

On 1 January 2019, Brakewood Limited entered into a contract to lease an item of plant and equipment from a supplier for a three-year period. The terms of the lease were that Brakewood Limited was to pay Sh.500,000 each year with the payments commencing on 31 December 2019.

Initial direct costs incurred on the lease amounted to Sh.30,000 and were paid for by Brakewood Limited. The plant and equipment had a remaining economic useful life of five years at the inception of the lease. The lease contract did not contain any purchase option for the lessee.

Brakewood Limited can borrow at a rate of 10% a year.

Required:

Analyse the accounting treatment of the above lease transactions from the inception and for the three-year period of the lease contract.

4b

Preparation of Financial Statements for different entities/Transaction

S and M are advocates operating under the name SM Advocates. The firm’s trial balance for the year ended 30 June 2022 is as shown below:

	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Costs charged to clients		750,000
Work-in-progress (1 July 2021)	110,400
Clients: for moneys held on their behalf		74,400
Creditors		81,600
Receivables	234,000
Office expenses	25,500
Furniture, fittings and library books	135,000
Cash at bank: Client account	74,400
Cash at bank: Office account	167,100
Postage, telephone and internet bills	54,600
Printing and stationery	105,000
Rent and rates	180,000
Salaries to staff	216,000
Drawings	180,000
Disbursement on behalf of clients	36,000
Capital account		612,000
	1,518,000	1,518,000

Additional information:

1. It is estimated that debts amounting to Sh.16,500,000 are uncollectable and should be written off.

2. Depreciation should be provided at the rate of 20% per annum on the book value of the furniture, fittings and library books.

3. The uncompleted work on 30 June 2022 was valued at Sh.70,500,000.

Required:

(i) Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2022.

(ii) Statement of financial position as at 30 June 2022.

5a

Preparation of Published Financial Statements

Discuss the business concept of “triple bottom line” as applied in financial reporting.

5b

Analysing Financial Statements

Dragon Limited is a public entity which has grown in recent years by acquiring established business entities. The directors of Dragon Limited have identified two potential entities targeted for a takeover. The directors believe that the shareholders of the two target companies would be receptive to a takeover.

As a pre-requisite to the takeover decision, the directors have tasked a firm of consultants to carry out a cross sectional analysis of the financial statements of the two potential target companies which operate in the same industry sector.

The financial statements of the two entities as at 30 April 2022 are shown below:

Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 April 2022:

	Able Limited	Ceda Limited
	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Revenue	87,500	140,000
Cost of sales	(66,500)	(114,800)
Gross profit	21,000	25,200
Distribution costs	(1,495)	(2,710)
Administrative expenses	(2,880)	(5,340)
Operating profit	16,625	17,150
Finance costs	(875)	(3,150)
Profit before tax	15,750	14,000
Income tax expense	(3,150)	(3,500)
Profit for the year	12,600	10,500

Statement of financial position as at 30 April 2022:

	Able Limited	Ceda Limited
	Sh.“000”	Sh.“000”
Assets:
Non-current assets:
Property	9,800	10,500
Owned plan	7,000	8,050
Right-of-use asset	-	17,500
	16,800	36,050
Current assets:
Inventory	5,600	11,900
Trade receivables	7,350	17,850
Bank	3,850	700
Total assets	33,600	66,500
Equity and liabilities:
Equity:
Ordinary share capital (Sh.10 par value)	3,500	7,000
Revaluation surplus	1,750	3,150
Retained earnings	5,600	9,450
Total equity	10,850	19,600
Non-current liabilities:
Lease liability	-	14,700
10% loan notes	15,750	17,500
Current liabilities:
Trade payables	4,375	7,350
Lease liability	-	2,450
Current tax	2,625	4,900
Total equity and liabilities	33,600	66,500

Required:

(i) Common size statements of profit or loss for the two entities for the year ended 30 April 2022.

(ii) Common size statements of financial position as at 30 April 2022.

(iii) Advise the directors of Dragon Limited on the best company for take over.

August 2022

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