Introduction to information communication technology (ICT)
Unit: Information Communication Technology
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Practice CPA Information Communication Technology Introduction to information communication technology (ICT) questions with detailed answers and explanations.
Access past exam questions by topic, improve your understanding, and download PDF for offline revision.
April 2026
1 Questions
Question 1
(a) A recent system crash disrupted operations for two days.
(i) Explain TWO roles of system recovery planning.
(ii) Recommend TWO continuity mechanisms.
Rafiki Holdings is considering virtualisation to reduce infrastructure costs.
Assess FOUR benefits of implementing virtualised environments.
(C)
Analyse THREE ways in which ICT alignment with business strategy could create competitive advantage for Rafiki
Holdings.
(d)
The organisation is deciding between Windows Server and Linux Server environments.
Evaluate THREE critical operating system features that should influence this decision in an enterprise accounting
environment.
December 2025
1 Questions
Question 1a
List THREE types of computer input devices.
August 2025
8 Questions
Question 5b
(i) Explain the term “information centre”.
(ii) Summarise FOUR services offered by an information centre.
Question 7a
Distinguish between “portability” and “compatibility” as used in computer hardware.
Question 6b
Outline FOUR measures one could take to reduce wrist strain when using a computer.
Question 4d
Discuss THREE data processing modes.
Question 4b
Highlight SIX factors to be taken into consideration when selecting a printer for purchase.
Question 3b
Explain FOUR functions of programming language translators.
Question 3a
Identify FOUR mechanical devices that were used for counting before the emergence of electronic computers.
Question 1c
Using suitable examples, explain SIX roles of information communication technology (ICT) in shaping the modern
business environment.
April 2025
6 Questions
Question 5a
Outline effects of each of the cases below:
(i) Low hanging bulbs in a computer laboratory.
(ii) Having taps and sinks in the computer laboratory.
Question 3a
Differentiate between “indexed sequential files organisation” and “direct file organisation”.
Question 1a
Explain the following features of the fifth-generation computers:
(i) Artificial intelligence (AI).
(ii) Parallel processing.
(iii) Quantum computing.
Question 2a
Distinguish between “embedded computers” and “integrated computers”.
Question 2c
Examine FOUR roles of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) in Information Communication
Technology (ICT) development.
Question 7a
Distinguish between “computer onboard devices” and “peripheral devices”.
December 2024
2 Questions
Question 5
(a) Explain THREE benefits that would accrue to a business as a result of using mobile applications.
(b) Explain FIVE reasons why a non- impact printer may be better than an impact printer in an office environment.
(c) One of the common e-commerce security issues is lack of trust in the privacy and e-commerce security.
Explain THREE methods attackers use to compromise e-commerce security.
(d) Describe THREE maintenance utilities in an operating system.
Question 3
(a) Outline FOUR potential risks of using outdated software.
(b) Highlight FOUR environmental impacts of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in business.
(c) Discuss THREE roles of source document integration in computerised accounting systems.
(d) Examine SIX reasons why an operating system is deemed crucial for the proper functioning of a computer system.
August 2024
1 Questions
Question 7
(a) Discuss THREE activities involved during information system requirements elicitation process.
(b) Outline FOUR activities of an operating system in regard to management of secondary storage.
(c) Describe FOUR environmental impact of ICT in business.
(d) The introduction of new information technology raises new ethical, social, and political issues that must be dealt with on an individual, social, and political levels.
Discuss THREE moral dimensions raised by these issues.
December 2023
2 Questions
Question 3
(a) Differentiate between pilot implementation methodology and parallel information systems implementation methodologies.
(b) Highlight FOUR benefits of a network operating system to an organisation.
(c) Outline FOUR roles of an Information Systems Analyst.
(d) Explain TWO technical trends that generate ethical concerns.
(e) (i) Distinguish between systems analysis and systems design.
(ii) Citing TWO reasons, explain the purpose of the system development life cycle.
Question 6
(a) Explain the term “proofreading” as used in a word processing program.
(b) State the unit of measuring a computer’s clock speed, RAM size, Hard disk size and monitor size.
(c) Discuss THREE challenges associated with the use of external hard drives.
(d) Examine FOUR legal issues associated with the use of information systems.
August 2023
2 Questions
Question 6
(a) (i) State TWO examples of Network Operating System (NOS) from different software manufacturers.
(ii) List TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of Network Operating Systems (NOS).
(b) Outline FOUR reasons why Read Only Memory (ROM) is preferred for storing firmware.
(c) Summarise FOUR ways in which a transaction processing system improves operations of an organisation.
(d) A library management system is an example of an information system.
In relation to the above statement, state TWO relevant examples of the following items in a library system:
(i) Data.
(ii) Processing.
(iii) Information.
Question 1
(a) Explain how the following elements affect the processing power of a computer:
(i) Cache memory.
(ii) Data bus.
(iii) Type of processor.
(b) List FOUR limitations of star network topology.
(c) Highlight FOUR salient features of a Computerised Accounting Software (CAS).
(d) Outline SIX advantages of a pivot table report.
April 2023
2 Questions
Question 7b
Citing FOUR reasons, justify why it is necessary for an organisation to sign a contract for the maintenance of computer hardware and software
Question 1a
Veronica and Simon have each bought a computer labelled Computer A and B respectively, with the following specifications:
Required:
Assuming that the cost of the two computers are the same, list TWO strengths of Computer A and TWO strengths of Computer B, describing the impact of each strength.
| Computer A | Computer B |
| 128GB Flash Drive 16GB RAM 150DPI Screen 15 inch screen | 512GB Hard Drive 8GB RAM 225DPI Screen 13 inch screen |
Required:
Assuming that the cost of the two computers are the same, list TWO strengths of Computer A and TWO strengths of Computer B, describing the impact of each strength.
December 2022
2 Questions
Question 7d
Simon has established an accounting firm in a busy town and employed seven assistants. However, the office space is not enough to accommodate all the staff and he has approached you for assistance.
Required:
(i) Explain modern ICT technologies that Simon could adopt to maximise employees’ productivity despite space constraints.
(ii) Explain possible disadvantages that Simon could face in adopting any of the technologies in (d) (i) above.
Question 1b
Explain computer hardware components that are required when establishing a multimedia platform for e-commerce.
August 2022
1 Questions
Question 7
(a) Explain three legal issues involved when a person who is a resident in Kenya or your country wants to purchase a car
offered for sale in Japan via a server in Hungary. Assume he is doing online purchase through e-Commerce.
(b) John Mbululu intends to implement cloud computing in his organisation but he has several concerns about cloud
computing.
Suggest three possible concerns for John Mbululu.
(c) One technique for gathering requirements during system development is the use of workshops.
Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of using workshops for requirements gathering.
(d) (i) To minimise resistance during system changeover, it is always necessary to involve users.
Identify four different ways of involving users in the system development process.
(ii) Explain four approaches used in system changeover.
(iii) Explain the significance of an information centre in an organisation.
April 2022
1 Questions
Question 3
(a) Discuss six reasons why a computer operating system is considered as a resource manager.
(b) It is possible to lose a laptop, a mobile phone or a flash disk.
Discuss four ways you could protect the data in your device to minimise data breach.
(c) The Tangaza County Government intends to establish information centres.
Explain two services that are likely to be offered at the centres.
(d) State two challenges of using computerised accounting software in an organisation.
December 2021
3 Questions
Question 5
(a) Describe five challenges associated with the use of internet.
(b) (i) Define the term "system" in the context of information systems.
(ii) Distinguish between "physical systems" and "abstract systems".
(c) (i) Describe the job of a Systems Analyst.
(ii) Outline five tasks performed by a Systems Analyst.
(d) Study the worksheet given below and answer the questions that follow:
 |
Required:
(i) Interpret the function displayed in cell G1.
(ii) State the value to be displayed in cell G1 on execution of the function.
(e) Veronica would like to display the progress of her project to a panel of examiners usinga presentation application.
Outline two ways in which she could display her presentation in slide show mode.
Question 4
(a) Highlight four characteristics of Internet of Things (loT).
(b) Propose four duties of an information centre in an organisation.
(c) ABC Transport company has opted to train its users before a new system is implemented.
Suggest four benefits of training users before implementing a new information system.
(d) Outline four advantages of using joint application design (JAD) technique in the design of an information system.
(e) (i) Define "cell referencing" in the context of spreadsheet applications.
(ii) Using an example, explain one type of cell referencing.
Question 2
(a) Discuss "sales and marketing systems" from a functional perspective.
(b) Explain five moral dimensions of the information age in the context of information systems.
(c) Alpha Limited is in the process of automating its operations.
State four types of office automation systems that the company should adopt.
(d) ABC Company intends to undertake an information systems project.
Outline three challenges that the company is likely to face.
(e) Explain three goals of a transaction processing system to an organisation.