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April 2025

Unit: Public Finance and Taxation

15 Questions

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Questions

1a
Oversight Function in Public Finance Management
​​Internal Auditor General Department is an independent function set up as stipulated in the Public Finance Management Act. 

With reference to the above statement, explain THREE responsibilities of Internal Auditor General Department as provided in Section 73(3) of the Public Finance Management Act.
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1b
Introduction to Public Financial Management
​​Outline EIGHT stages of the budget process for the national government in any financial year as provided under Section 35 of the Public Finance Management Act.
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1c
Procurement in public entities
​​An accounting officer of a procuring entity may terminate or cancel a procurement process before entering into a contract. 

Evaluate SIX circumstances under which this could arise as provided in the Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Act, 2015.
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2a
Public Debt Management
​​Identify FOUR causes of rising public debt in most developing countries.
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2b
Introduction to Public Financial Management
​​Explain THREE ways that county governments could adopt to improve their financial capacity during the budget process, when faced with challenges in revenue generation.
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2c
Administration of Value Added Tax (VAT)
​ ​​Bandika Enterprises Ltd. deals with both vatable and non-vatable supplies. The following transactions were obtained from the accounting records of the company for the month of March 2025:

Sh.
Sales at standard rate 
9,810,816
Purchases at standard rate
6,521,984
Exports to Zambia 
400,000
Exempt sales
250,000
Stationery
23,200
Audit fees
174,000
Catering expenses
69,600

Additional information: 
  1. The company issued credit notes worth Sh.53,360 for goods wrongly priced. 
  2. The company received debit notes worth Sh.41,760 for goods underpriced by suppliers. 
  3. A debtor of goods valued at Sh.20,880 was declared bankrupt and the amount owed written off as bad debts. 
  4. A customer of goods valued at Sh.9,280 returned the goods to the business and a credit note issued immediately. 
  5. 20% of purchases at standard rate could not be directly identified from sales at standard rate and exempt supplies. 
  6. All transactions are inclusive of VAT at the rate of 16% where applicable, unless otherwise stated. 

Required: 

Calculate the following for Bandika Ltd. for the month of March 2025: 

(i) Deductible input tax. 

(ii) Output tax. 

(iii) VAT payable by or refundable to Bandika Ltd. for the month of March 2025
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3a
Public Private Partnerships Arrangements
​​The Public Private Partnership (PPP) Act requires entities to establish a project facilitation fund in respect of all PPP projects. 

With reference to the above statement, summarise FOUR sources of funds paid into public private partnership project facilitation fund.
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3b
Introduction to Taxation
Curbing tax evasion requires a multifaceted approach such as combining enforcement, incentives and public awareness. 

In light of the above statement, explain FOUR strategies the Revenue Authority may use to strengthen tax laws and enforcement in order to curb tax evasions in your country. ​​
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3c
Taxation of Income
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​Jackson Mutiso is an employee of Kabazi Food Processing Company. He has provided the following details relating to his employment for the year of income 2024: 

1
Basic salary of Sh.198,000 per month (PAYE deducted Sh.44,600 per month).
2
He is provided with an accommodation by the employer where he contributed Sh.8,000 towards house rent. The house was connected with a telephone line where the average bill per month amounted to Sh.7,200. The telephone bill is paid by the employer.
3
He is a member of a registered pension scheme, where he contributed Sh.30,000 per month towards the scheme, with the employer contributing similar amount.
4
He was provided with a motor car a Land Cruiser of 3500cc whose cost as at 1 January 2024 was Sh.2,400,000.
5
The house provided by the employer was fully furnished at a cost of Sh.380,000.
6
On 1 October 2024, he moved into his own private residence, which he had acquired on a 15% mortgage loan of Sh.6,000,000 on 1 April 2024.
7
On 1 April 2024, he obtained an insurance policy for his children’s education at a monthly premium of Sh.8,000. 
8
He was out of his work station for five (5) days in the month of September 2024 on official duties. The employer paid him a per diem of Sh.4,700 per night.
9
His other incomes included:
  • Dividends (net of withholding tax) from Kibao cooperative society of Sh.51,000.
  • Royalties from patent rights net of tax of Sh.95,000.
10
Assume the following in computation of taxable income and tax purposes: 
  • The incomes accrued evenly during the year of income.
  • The employer effected the changes relating to pension contribution and mortgage interest introduced in the month of December 2024.
  • That the employer did not deduct Affordable Housing Levy and Social Health Insurance Fund (SHIF) contribution during the year. 

Required:
(i) Compute the total taxable income for Jackson Mutiso for the year ended 31 December 2024. 

(ii) Determine tax payable (if any) from the income computed in (c) (i) above.
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4a
Customs Taxes and Excise Taxes
​ ​​Identify TWO instruments that are subject to stamp duty as per the Stamp Duty Act (Cap 480).
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4b
Customs Taxes and Excise Taxes
​ ​​Analyse FOUR circumstances under which excise duty paid could be refunded to the taxpayer.
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4c
Taxation of Income
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​The following information relates to SmartFarm Ltd., a company involved in farming activity. The company registered and started operations on 1 January 2024: 

The company’s statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2024:

Income
Sh.
Sh.
Sale of poultry
3,200,000
Sale of livestock
4,400,000
Sale of milk
3,450,000
Sale of manure
560,000
Sale of sugarcane
1,456,200
Discount received
180,000
Dividend received (net)
530,000
Insurance claim
3,120,800
16,897,000
Expenses:
Sh.
Sh.
Cost of seeds
670,000
Cost of cane tubers
3,860,000
Salaries and wages
1,250,000
Depreciation for the year
120,000
Cost of billboards
250,000
Machine repairs
620,000
Mulching costs
50,000
Animal vaccines
28,000
Installment tax paid for the year
200,000
Directors emoluments
1,500,000
Legal fees
960,000
Pesticides
12,900
(9,520,000)
7,376,100

Additional information:
1
Dividend received from:
Sh.
Ukulima Co-operative Ltd
340,000
Waridi Ltd.
190,000
530,000
2
Legal fees comprised the following:
Parking fines
120,000
Debt collection from customers
360,000
Stamp duty on land
480,000
960,000
3
Insurance claim relate to compensation from insurance company for the loss of crops through floods during the year.
4
Machine repairs include Sh.184,000 spent on purchasing of farm machines during the year.
5
The company had the following assets at the commencement of the farming activity: 
5
Asset
Cost (Sh.)
Solar panels
140,000
Computers
420,000
Chicken shed
188,000
Furniture
250,000
Dog kennels
230,000
2 tractors
8,900,000
2 saloon cars
6,800,000
Irrigation networks
410,000
3 pick-up motor vehicles
6,600,000
Farmhouse 
3,240,000
6
A cattle dip and silo were constructed at a cost of Sh.860,000 and Sh.620,000 respectively and put into use from 1 October 2024.
7
The following assets were acquired on 1 July 2024
Sh.
Delivery van
2,200,000
Loose tools
120,000
Wheelbarrows
360,000

Required: 
(i) Compute the investment allowances due to SmartFarm Ltd. For the year ended 31 December 2024. 

(ii) Prepare a statement of adjusted taxable profit or loss and tax payable, (if any) for SmartFarm Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2024. 
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5a
Customs Taxes and Excise Taxes
​​Analyse FOUR reasons why an importer may store imported goods in a bonded warehouse.
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5b
Administration of Income Tax and Tax Procedures
​​During a tax seminar, one of the facilitators noted that some of the objectives of imposing tax penalties may include: 

  • To enforce tax laws and regulations. 
  • To act as a source of revenue for the government. 
In relation to the above statement, summarise FOUR circumstances under which the imposition of penalties might not achieve the intended objectives.
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5c
Taxation of Income
​ ​ ​ ​ ​​Wambua and Baraza have been trading as Wambah Traders sharing profit and loss in the ratio of 2:3, respectively. 

The following statement of profit or loss was obtained from the firm’s accounting records for the year ended 31 December 2024:

Sh.
Sh.
Gross profit
29,600,000
Profit on disposal of furniture
324,000
Foreign exchange gain 
180,000
Insurance compensation for stolen motor vehicle
2,093,800
Interest from fixed deposits - Foreign accounts
150,000
Dividends from investment (gross) 
200,000
32,547,800
Less expenses:
Salaries and wages
9,340,000
Interest on capital:
Interest:Wambua
180,000
Interest:Baraza
250,000
Legal expenses
1,720,000
Conveyancing fees
128,200
Purchase of office equipment
360,000
Stamp duty on lease agreement (100 years)
84,000
Depreciation
736,000
General allowance for bad debts
145,800
Partner’s medical expenses
52,400
Donation to a non-charitable organisation
35,000
(13,031,400)
Net profit
19,516,400

Additional information:
1
The reported gross profit includes value added tax (VAT) at the rate of 16% on sales amounting to Sh.6,960,000. 
2
Legal expenses included:
Sh.
  • Drafting of tender documents
124,800
  • Legal cost of debt collection
832,000
  • Defending a partner in a fraud case
328,000
  • Negotiating bank loan
230,000
  • Defending the firm against trade dispute
205,200
3
Salaries and wages include salaries to Wambua and Baraza of Sh.400,000 and Sh.600,000 respectively.
4
Wambua made drawings of Sh.248,000 with interest on drawings of Sh.15,000 being included in the interest from fixed deposits.
5
General allowance for bad debts included bad debts written off of Sh.34,600. 
6
Commission paid to Baraza of Sh.80,000 was completely omitted from the books of the firm.

Required:
(i)
Prepare a statement of adjusted taxable profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2024.
(ii)
A schedule of allocation of taxable income for each partner for the year ended 31 December 2024. 
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