Ujenzi Construction Ltd. is a company involved in large-scale infrastructure projects funded by international development agencies. During the audit of the year ended 31 December 2025, the following issues were identified:
1 The company recognised revenue on several long-term construction contracts using percentage-of-completion, based on internally generated cost estimates.
2 There were indications that project managers manipulated cost forecasts to accelerate revenue recognition.
3 The company failed to disclose related party transactions involving subcontractors owned by senior executives.
4 The audit firm is under pressure to complete the audit quickly due to tight reporting deadlines imposed by lenders.
Additionally, the audit partner has discovered that one of the senior audit team members previously worked for Ujenzi Construction Ltd. and was involved in preparing some of the financial estimates now under audit.
Required:
(a) Evaluate THREE ethical threats facing the audit team and recommend appropriate safeguards in line with the International Ethics and Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) Code of Ethics.
(b) Discuss THREE quality control measures that the audit firm should implement in accordance with International Standard on Quality Management (ISQM) 1
(c) With reference to International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’, analyse FOUR audit risks associated with revenue recognition on long-term construction contracts and the use of management estimates by Ujenzi Construction Ltd.
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