(a) Imara Ltd. is a company engaged in the distribution of electronic equipment. You are the audit manager responsible for finalising the audit of the company for the year ended 31 December 2025.
During the audit, two significant matters were identified. First, management refused to allow the audit team to circularise trade receivables, arguing that this might damage customer relationships. Consequently, the auditor was unable to obtain external confirmation evidence in relation to trade receivables. The receivables balance is material, but not pervasive, to the financial statements.
Second, the company capitalised borrowing costs that do not meet the recognition criteria under the applicable financial reporting framework. This resulted in a material misstatement affecting several elements of the financial statements.
Required:
(i) With reference to the matters identified above, explain the circumstances under which the auditor would issue:
• A qualified opinion.
• An adverse opinion.
• A disclaimer of opinion.
(ii) Explain THREE factors that would guide the auditor in deciding whether the matters identified above have a pervasive effect on the financial statements.
(b) Describe FOUR characteristics that audit working papers should exhibit in order to meet the requirements of ISA 230.
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