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Overview of Forensic Accounting, Errors, Frauds and Irregularities

Unit: Audit & Assurance

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August 2025

1 Questions
Question 2b
​​You are a newly hired audit associate at a Musa and Musa Associates. Your firm has been engaged by the board of Lipa Microfinance Ltd., to conduct a forensic audit following allegations of fraudulent loan approvals and embezzlement by senior staff members. The audit senior has tasked you with the duty to prepare a plan on the forensic 
audit. 

Required: 

Discuss investigative techniques that you could include in the plan in order to uncover the alleged fraud and embezzlement.  


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December 2024

2 Questions
Question 2a
​​Explain the following terms in relation to fraud in an organisation: 

 (i) Teeming and lading.

(ii) Ghost employees. 

(iii) Window dressing.


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Question 5b
​​Borabora Ltd., a manufacturer of fast-moving goods within Nairobi, planned to construct a warehouse in Mombasa to serve as a distribution point for the coast region. The company intended to make a saving on transportation costs by using rail transport to move the finished goods to the coastal warehouse, instead of the traditional road transport. 

 The chief finance officer of Borabora Ltd., Eric Mambo, recommended Ujenzi. Ltd., a construction company for the contract to construct the warehouse. However, when the contract was signed, Ujenzi Ltd. was not authorised to conduct business. This is because the government had revoked Ujenzi Ltd.’s license indefinitely, based on recent bidding irregularities and failure to observe construction standards. Eric Mambo knew that Ujenzi Ltd.’s license had been revoked yet recommended the company because he was receiving a commission and had some beneficial interest in the company. 

 The cost of the warehouse was also overstated deliberately to pass some of the money back to Eric Mambo. Eric Mambo recommended an adjustment to the accounting records to make the extra payments appear like transaction fees payable to a consultancy company that he owns. 

 Required: 

 Advise the management of Borabora Ltd. on THREE illegal activities that may necessitate a forensic investigation in the company.


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August 2024

1 Questions
Question 5b
​​In the context of ISA 240 “Auditors responsibility relating to fraud in audit of financial statements”, discuss FOUR responsibilities of the auditor in detecting errors, frauds and irregularities in an audit engagement.


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April 2024

2 Questions
Question 2b
​​Summarise FIVE ways in which the management could detect and prevent errors and fraud.


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Question 5c
​​The directors of Kiatu Ltd., a shoe manufacturing company, have been advised to employ the services of a forensic accountant. This is in an effort to stop rampant cases of theft in the company that involves employees in the production department and finance department. In a few cases, the company has had problems with insurance claims. 

 Required:

(i) Explain the term “forensic accountant”. 

(ii) Advise the directors on THREE expected roles of the forensic accountant in the case of Kiatu Ltd.


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December 2021

1 Questions
Question 1d
​​Describe three types of corruption fraud that may be carried out in an entity.


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November 2019

1 Questions
Question 1b
​​In relation to audit investigations: 

(i) Highlight six characteristics of audit investigations. 

(ii) Evaluate eight reasons why audit investigations might be conducted.


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May 2019

1 Questions
Question 4b
​​Citing two examples, explain the term "fraudulent financial reporting".


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May 2018

1 Questions
Question 5b
​​ Explain the three components of the fraud triangle.


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November 2017

1 Questions
Question 5c
​​ Discuss five stages that might be followed in carrying out a forensic audit.


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May 2017

1 Questions
Question 4c
​​Discuss three responsibilities of the external auditor in relation to prevention and detection of fraud.


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May 2016

1 Questions
Question 1b
​​During the audit of Bamboo Lid.. you suspect that there might have been some irregularities in the procurement department based on the discussions you had with some of the staff members. 

Required: 
Explain six audit steps you would undertake to help you in arriving at an appropriate audit opinion.


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November 2015

1 Questions
Question 1a
​​(i) Define the term "forensic accounting". 

(ii) Explain a situation in which forensic accounting might be applied.


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