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Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR)

Unit: Introduction to Law and Governance

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August 2025

 1 Questions
Question 2a
​​Outline FOUR roles of Dispute Review Boards in alternative dispute resolution.


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April 2025

 1 Questions
Question 3b
​​Explain FIVE ways in which alternative dispute resolution (ADR) differs from litigation.


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August 2024

 2 Questions
Question 4a
​​Explain TWO differences between “negotiation” and “conciliation” in alternative dispute resolution.


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Question 4c
​​Analyse FIVE advantages of using of arbitration in dispute resolution.


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April 2024

 2 Questions
Question 1a
​​(i) With reference to alternative dispute resolutions, explain the term “arbitration agreement”. 

(ii) Outline SIX matters which may not be referred to or determined through arbitration.


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Question 4c
​​State SIX distinctions between mediation and arbitration


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December 2023

 1 Questions
Question 1d
​​Disputing parties are encouraged to explore alternative methods to resolve disputes including traditional dispute resolution mechanisms. 

Outline SIX benefits that could be derived from the use of these mechanisms in resolving disputes


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August 2023

 1 Questions
Question 5b
​​Outline FOUR disadvantages of solving disputes through alternative dispute resolution method.


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April 2023

 1 Questions
Question 4c
​​With reference to alternative dispute resolution, outline THREE features of arbitration.


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December 2022

 1 Questions
Question 5b
​​State FOUR disputes that are not eligible for alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.


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August 2022

 1 Questions
Question 2b
​​In the context of solving disputes through alternative dispute resolution:

(i) Explain four advantages of traditional dispute resolution mechanisms.

(ii) Summarise six grounds for setting aside an arbitral award.


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April 2022

 1 Questions
Question 4a
​​Discuss five potential disadvantages of litigation over alternative forms of dispute resolution.


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Pilot December 2021

 2 Questions
Question 7c
​​Explain limitations of applying traditional methods in solving disputes.


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Question 1c
​​Article 159 of the Constitution provides alternative disputes resolution (ADR) as a way of solving disputes. 

Discuss the advantages of ADR.


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December 2021

 2 Questions
Question 2b
​​Explain three key alternative dispute resolution mechanisms


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Question 2c
​​(i) Describe the term "Dispute Review Board".

(ii) Highlight three advantages of Dispute Review Boards.


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August 2021

 1 Questions
Question 2b
​​Highlight three functions of the Business Premises Rent Tribunals.


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May 2021

 1 Questions
Question 4b
​​With reference to negotiation as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism: 

(i) Identify five qualities of a good negotiator. 

(ii) Outline six objectives of the ADR system. 

(iii) Explain two types of conciliation.


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November 2020

 1 Questions
Question 4c
​​Highlight six powers of the arbitrator in a dispute referred to arbitration.


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November 2019

 1 Questions
Question 5a
​​Describe four circumstances that should exist in order for a mediation to be termed as "International Mediation".


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May 2019

 2 Questions
Question 5c
​​Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of tribunals.


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Question 6b
​​Highlight four similarities between "arbitration" and "mediation" as means of resolving commercial disputes.


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November 2018

 1 Questions
Question 5b
​​List six advantages of using mediation in reaching a settlement in commercial disputes.


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May 2018

 1 Questions
Question 7b
​​Explain two circumstances under which a party might challenge an arbitral award in the High Court.


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November 2017

 1 Questions
Question 5b
​​(i) Distinguish between "mediation" and "arbitration"
(ii) Analyse four disadvantages of mediation over civil litigation.


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May 2017

 1 Questions
Question 4b
​​Discuss five circumstances under which the High Court might set aside an arbitral award.


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November 2016

 1 Questions
Question 7a
​​Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of negotiation as a form of alternative dispute resolution.


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May 2016

 1 Questions
Question 4a
​​With reference to settlement of disputes through commercial arbitration, summarise the form and content of an arbitral award.


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Pilot September 2015

 1 Questions
Question 4b
​​Explain four implied provisions in arbitration agreements.


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